Besides the new FCS, the Radomka passive night vision devices were installed in the driver's compartment, as was the Liswarta night sight, Obra laser illumination warning system, Tellur anti-laser smoke grenade launchers, solid or modular metal side skirts and the Polish-developed Erawa-1 or Erawa-2 explosive reactive armour was also fitted on the PT91 Twardy. These PT91 Twardy had a new digital fire-control system, newly developed ERA and an uprated powerplant and had the Soviet-made Volna fire control system replaced by the Czechoslovak-made Kladivo FCS or by the Polish SKO-1 Mérida, which was originally designed for T-55AM "Merida", and is equipped with a Wola 850-horsepower diesel engine. Ukraine received a number of PT91 Twardy in 2022, a Polish main battle tank based on T-72M1 that developed sometime between the late 1980s and early 1990s. The T-84-120 and Yatagan has been developed employing an auto-loaded 120mm tank gun which fires NATO ammunition as well as ATGMs. The T-84 entered service with the Military of Ukraine in 1999, and the more advanced Oplot version in 2001. The Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau abbreviated KMDB, a Ukrainian state-owned company in Kharkiv, Ukraine, designed armoured vehicles, including the T-80UD and T-84 main battle tanks. Until 2014 and the start of the war in Donbas, the defence industry in Ukraine produced equipment mostly for export. The result was a fast, heavily-armed and thickly-armored tank that, on paper, at least matched contemporary Western tanks.įrom 1991 the Ukrainian Ground Forces bought its military equipment only from Russia and other CIS states, as well as locally producing some of their own equipment. ![]() Several proposals were made to improve the T-64 with new engines, but chief designer Alexander Alexandrovich Morozov's political power in Moscow kept the design in production in spite of any concerns about price. This was especially true of the powerpack, which was time-consuming to build and cost twice as much as more conventional designs. These features made the T-64 expensive to build, significantly more so than previous generations of Soviet tanks. The 700-horsepower diesel engine with a more compact transmission replaced the bigger but less powerful powertrains on older tank types. In spite of being armed and armoured like a heavy tank, the T-64 weighed only 38 tonnes (42 short tons 37 long tons). It also introduced a number of advanced features including composite armour, a compact engine and transmission, and its 125-mm gun was equipped with an autoloader to allow the crew to be reduced to three so the tank could be smaller and lighter. It was a more advanced counterpart to the T-62 with heavier armor and replaced the smaller-diameter guns on the T-54/55/62 line with a new smoothbore 125-millimeter gun. In the early 1960's, Ukraine developed and built the T-64 tank which is the most numerous tank Ukraine has today and was manufactured in Kharkiv, and designed by the KhMDB. Sources of tanks for Ukrainian ground forces Ukrainian T-64BM Bulat The 28th Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 180th Rifle Division were left in Ukraine, having been previously under the 14th Guards Army headquartered at Tiraspol in the Moldovan SSR. ![]() ![]() Following the declaration of Ukrainian independence in 1991, Ukraine inherited the 1st Guards Army, 13th Army, 38th Army, two tank armies (the 6th Guards Tank Army and the 8th Tank Army), and the 32nd Army Corps at Simferopol. Upon their establishment in 1991, the Armed Forces of Ukraine was left with its tank forces intact which included approximately 7,000 armored vehicles, 6,500 tanks, and 2,500 tactical nuclear missiles. These armed forces, and the independent Ukrainian homeland for which they fought, were eventually incorporated into the neighboring states of Poland, Soviet Union, Hungary, Romania and Czechoslovakia. Prior to the October Revolution of 1917, independent armed forces in Ukraine existed and had distinct organisation and uniforms in both the First World War and the Second World War. This includes tanks manufactured in Ukraine, leftover Soviet tanks in the Ukrainian Ground Forces today as well as designs imported from other countries and tanks captured in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Tanks of the Ukrainian Army have been used within the military, with their usage and origin after the Cold War and the modern era.
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